Economic Repression and the U.S. Federal Monetary System
Has the U.S. federal government codified The Five Points of Economic Repression into a disparate system of laws that define the U.S. montetary system? We asked two popular AI models. See their responses below.
Select an AI model to view its responses to our questions below:
Llama 3.1 405B
Llama is a publicly available, open-source AI model from Meta.
ChatGPT 4o mini
ChatGPT is a corporate-owned, closed-source AI model.
Evidence
1) Currency Creation
Yes, the U.S. banking sector has partnered with the U.S. federal government to implement a fiat monetary system, which allows both parties to create new units of currency without backing, effort, or productive output of any kind.
- The Federal Reserve Act of 1913: Established the Federal Reserve System, a central banking authority that can create new units of currency.
- The Banking Act of 1935: Reorganized the Federal Reserve’s governance structure and strengthened its monetary control capabilities, allowing for more effective management of the money supply.
- The Gold Reserve Act of 1934: Effectively took the United States off the gold standard, allowing the federal government to create new units of currency without gold backing.
- The Bretton Woods Agreement of 1944: Established a new international monetary order, with the US dollar as the global reserve currency, but still linked to gold; however, this link was later broken.
- The Nixon Shock of 1971: Suspended the convertibility of the US dollar to gold, effectively ending the gold standard and allowing the federal government to create new units of currency without any backing.
- The Monetary Control Act of 1980: Further refined the Federal Reserve’s control over the money supply, allowing for the creation of new units of currency through the use of monetary policy tools.
Llama 3.1 405B October 5, 2024
Yes, the U.S. banking sector has partnered with the federal government to implement a fiat monetary system.
- Federal Reserve Act of 1913: Established the Federal Reserve System, allowing banks to create money through fractional reserve banking, enabling flexible money supply management.
- Gold Reserve Act of 1934: Abandoned the gold standard, affirming the U.S. dollar’s status as fiat currency not backed by physical commodities, facilitating more expansive monetary policy.
- Bretton Woods Agreement (1944): Established a system of fixed exchange rates, ultimately leading to the U.S. dollar being the primary reserve currency, which gave the Fed significant influence over global money supply.
- Nixon Shock (1971): Ended the direct convertibility of the U.S. dollar to gold, allowing the Fed greater freedom to manage the money supply without constraints of a gold-backed currency.
- Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) Policies: Implemented monetary policy tools that allow for the expansion of the money supply without direct backing, enabling responsive management of economic conditions.
ChatGPT 4o mini October 5, 2024
2) Currency Inflation
Yes, the U.S. banking sector, in partnership with the U.S. federal government, has continually eroded the currency’s value through unpredictable and excessive increases in its supply, producing inflation which transfers wealth from the working class to the wealthy, as evidenced by the long-term decline in the purchasing power of the dollar and the widening wealth gap in the United States.
- Since 1971, the year the U.S. abandoned the gold standard:
- The M2 money supply has increased from $286.6 billion to over $21 trillion, a growth of over 7,200%.
- The U.S. Consumer Price Index (CPI) has increased from 29.6 to 292.655, a growth of over 890%.
- The median home price has increased from $17,800 to over $426,800, a growth of over 2,394%.
- The federal debt has increased from $391.7 billion in 1971 to over $34.83 trillion in 2024, a growth of over 8,800%.
- The average annual wages for the bottom 90% of earners have increased from $29,531 to $40,844, but when adjusted for inflation, they have actually decreased by 5%.
- The average annual wages for the top 10% of earners have increased from $114,794 to $342,987, and when adjusted for inflation, they have actually increased by 131%.
- Laws and policies contributing to the erosion of the currency’s value:
- The Federal Reserve Reform Act of 1977, which gave the Federal Reserve more autonomy to set monetary policy and increase the money supply.
- The Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act of 1980, which allowed banks to offer new financial instruments and increase their lending activities.
- The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999, which repealed parts of the Glass-Steagall Act and allowed commercial banks to engage in investment activities, increasing their ability to create new money.
- The Federal Reserve’s quantitative easing policies, which have injected trillions of dollars into the economy since 2008, further increasing the money supply and exacerbating inflation.
Llama 3.1 405B October 5, 2024
Yes, the U.S. banking sector, alongside the federal government, has frequently engaged in policies that increase the money supply, resulting in inflation that disproportionately impacts the working class while benefiting the wealthy.
- Inflation: The median home value increased from $11,900 in 1960 to $119,600 in 2000, reflecting significant inflation over that period.
- Median Real Earnings: In 1979, median usual weekly real earnings were $332, which remained relatively stagnant, peaking at $380 in 2020 before declining to $367 in 2023, indicating erosion in purchasing power despite nominal wage increases.
- M2 Money Supply: Since 1971, the M2 money supply has expanded dramatically, with substantial increases observed during economic crises, contributing to inflationary pressures.
- Wealth Inequality: The concentration of wealth has increased, with the top 1% benefiting disproportionately from inflationary policies, including asset price inflation linked to increased money supply.
- Federal Reserve Act of 1913: Established the Federal Reserve as the central bank, giving it the authority to manage the U.S. money supply and set monetary policy.
- Gold Standard Abandonment (1971): President Nixon’s decision to suspend the convertibility of the dollar into gold effectively ended the gold standard, allowing for unlimited issuance of fiat currency.
- Monetary Control Act of 1980: Strengthened the Federal Reserve’s ability to manage the money supply and required all depository institutions to maintain reserves, facilitating greater control over fiat currency issuance.
- Dodd-Frank Act of 2010: Although primarily a response to the financial crisis, it retained mechanisms for the Federal Reserve to use monetary policy tools, including the expansion of the fiat money supply.
- Quantitative Easing (2008-Present): In response to economic downturns, the Federal Reserve initiated programs to purchase government and mortgage-backed securities, significantly increasing the fiat money supply without direct backing.
ChatGPT 4o mini October 5, 2024
Sources:
- Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis - M2 Money Supply: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/WM2NS
- Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis - Federal Debt: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GFDEBTN
- Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis - Median Home Prices: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MSPUS
- Economic Policy Institute: https://www.epi.org/data
- U.S. Inflation Calculator: https://www.usinflationcalculator.com/inflation/consumer-price-index-and-annual-percent-changes-from-1913-to-2008/
3) Currency Compulsion
Yes, the U.S. federal government has used its lawmaking power to compel citizens to use its currency, which they may not create, but must earn, rendering citizens dependent on the monetary system to meet their basic needs.
- The Coinage Act of 1965 (31 U.S.C. § 5103): declares that United States coins and currency are legal tender for all debts, public charges, taxes, and dues.
- The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 (12 U.S.C. § 411): authorizes the Federal Reserve to issue Federal Reserve notes, which are the primary form of currency in circulation.
- The Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 6041): requires that all income be reported in U.S. dollars, effectively compelling citizens to use the dollar for tax purposes.
- The Uniform Commercial Code (U.C.C. § 3-104): defines “money” as “a medium of exchange authorized or adopted by a domestic or foreign government,” effectively excluding alternative currencies from being recognized as legitimate forms of payment.
Llama 3.1 405B October 5, 2024
Yes, the U.S. federal government has used its lawmaking power to compel citizens to use its currency, creating a dependency on the monetary system for basic needs.
- Legal Tender Law (1862): Established U.S. currency as legal tender for all debts, public and private, requiring acceptance of dollars for transactions.
- Federal Reserve Act (1913): Created the Federal Reserve System to manage the nation’s money supply and regulate banks, reinforcing the dominance of U.S. currency.
- Income Tax Laws (1913): Instituted a federal income tax, requiring citizens to earn income in U.S. dollars to meet tax obligations.
- Social Security Act (1935): Established a system of social insurance that disburses benefits exclusively in U.S. currency, necessitating reliance on it for financial support.
- Banking Regulations: Laws regulating banks and financial institutions mandate transactions in U.S. dollars, further entrenching the use of federal currency.
ChatGPT 4o mini October 5, 2024
4) Currency Confinement
Yes, the U.S. federal government has burdened the use of alternative currencies and more effective stores of value (like gold and bitcoin) with taxation and regulation, hobbling citizens’ ability to defend their rightfully earned wealth against theft through currency debasement.
- The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) treats gold as a capital asset subject to capital gains tax (26 U.S.C. § 1277).
- The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Notice 2014-21 (IRB 2014-16) clarifies that cryptocurrencies are subject to taxation as property, rather than currency, imposing capital gains tax on cryptocurrency transactions.
- The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) guidance on virtual currencies (FIN-2013-G001) clarifies the application of the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) to virtual currencies, and imposes AML and KYC requirements on certain entities that deal in virtual currencies, such as money transmitters and MSBs.
- Executive Order 6102 (1933) prohibited the hoarding of gold coin, gold bullion, and gold certificates within the continental United States, and required citizens to exchange their gold holdings for paper currency.
- Executive Order 11615 (1971) allowed citizens to freely buy, sell, and hold gold, but subjected gold to capital gains tax.
Llama 3.1 405B October 5, 2024
Yes, the U.S. federal government has burdened the use of alternative currencies and stores of value like gold and bitcoin with taxation and regulation, limiting citizens’ ability to protect their wealth from currency debasement.
- Gold Reserve Act (1934): Made it illegal for U.S. citizens to own gold bullion, forcing them to sell their gold to the government at a set price, which limited private ownership.
- Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 408(m): Establishes specific rules around the taxation of gold and other precious metals, treating them as collectibles subject to a higher capital gains tax.
- Cryptocurrency Regulation (IRS Notice 2014-21): Classifies virtual currencies like bitcoin as property for tax purposes, requiring capital gains reporting on transactions, thus complicating their use as alternative currencies.
- Bank Secrecy Act (1970): Imposes stringent reporting requirements on transactions involving alternative currencies, increasing regulatory burden and compliance costs for users.
- Anti-Money Laundering (AML) Regulations: Enforce strict rules on cryptocurrency exchanges, requiring them to register and comply with federal regulations, which can stifle their use as effective stores of value.
ChatGPT 4o mini October 5, 2024
5) Currency Control
Yes, the U.S. federal government has concentrated custody of citizens’ funds in the hands of banking partners, enabling it to surveil financial transactions, exposing citizens to potential confiscation and censorship, and undermining their civil liberties.
- Laws and regulations enabling government surveillance and control over citizens’ financial transactions:
- The Bank Secrecy Act of 1970, which requires financial institutions to report certain transactions to the government and maintain records of customer activity.
- The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, which expanded government authority to access and monitor financial transactions, and required financial institutions to implement anti-money laundering and know-your-customer programs.
- The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, which granted the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) authority to collect and analyze consumer financial data, and imposed stricter regulations on financial institutions.
- The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) of 2010, which requires foreign financial institutions to report on the assets of U.S. citizens and certain foreign entities.
- Executive Order 14067 (2022), which directs the development of a digital dollar and contemplates a central bank digital currency (CBDC) system, potentially enabling greater government control over financial transactions.
- The Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020, which expands the definition of “money laundering” and increases government authority to freeze and seize assets.
- The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) regulations, which require financial institutions to report suspicious activity and maintain customer due diligence programs.
Llama 3.1 405B October 5, 2024
Yes, the U.S. federal government’s regulatory framework has facilitated the concentration of citizens’ funds within the banking system, enabling surveillance of financial transactions and raising concerns about potential confiscation and censorship.
- Bank Secrecy Act (BSA): Requires financial institutions to report suspicious activities and large transactions, facilitating government surveillance of financial transactions.
- USA PATRIOT Act: Expands the ability of law enforcement to access financial records and increases reporting requirements for financial institutions to detect terrorist financing.
- Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA): Mandates foreign financial institutions to report on U.S. account holders, increasing transparency but also surveillance of citizens’ financial activities.
- Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020 (AMLA): Enhances reporting obligations for financial institutions and allows for greater scrutiny of transactions to prevent money laundering and illicit finance.
- Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act: Establishes provisions for monitoring and regulating financial institutions, contributing to the oversight of citizens’ financial activities.
ChatGPT 4o mini October 5, 2024